New addition to HistoWeb: Annotated drawings. Starting with muscle, this will be expanded as time permits.

New website is up an running: HistoWeb.

This is primarily aimed at serving medical and dental students at the University of Pretoria from outside the firewall. Other students of Histology could also benefit. If you find mistakes, please send me a note.

To use the system, read the Need help link at the top left of the front page. All functions should work well in Firefox and Seamonkey but newer versions of IE will also work. It has not been tested with Chrome, but I also don’t foresee any issues in that regard. The pages make extensive use of Javascript, so it should be enabled.

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Histology: A Text and Atlas (Histology (Ross))

If informed consent was really informed, people would most likely not give consent.

Some original Maian Art. Pick your favourite and use as a desktop.

A company, Nesch, has developed a system to to body cavity scanners. The system, called diffraction-enhanced X-ray imaging or DEXI, uses diffraction enhanced imaging and multiple image radiography can supposedly “detect substances such as explosive materials … hidden inside or outside of the human body.” The new technique reveal more than conventional X-rays, which makes it useful for both medical and security applications. A normal X-ray shows mainly the skeleton. This technology are capable of producing X-ray images with better image quality, more information and less radiation.

The government has said they will combine the system with the new health reform system. In combination with the scanners at security counters, each checkpoint will also have a dentist and GP doing community service time. The more you fly, the more you save on healthcare. To streamline the new system, the Airports Company of South Africa has already started to do away with domestic and international terminals, making the terminals at OR Tambo Internation multi-use.

Rumour has it that some airlines will introduce seats with stirrups, serving three purposes, contraband, ob-gyn and the mile high club.

A first attempt at making some skull icons. They are all roughly 25×35 pixels in size. This was arbitrarily chosen at a size that I needed, I will be redoing them in a more standard size. Any feedback gracefully accepted.

Download in zip format: icons_skulls13_ML20090331.zip (25k)

Skull icons by Marius Loots is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. A link back to http://word.chaos.co.za in your credits would be highly appreciated.

A response to a recent email I received. The uncommented version is available in a previous post.

God puts a sign in the food we eat!

A sliced Carrot looks like the human eye. The pupil, iris and radiating lines look just like the human eye…and YES science now shows that carrots greatly enhance blood flow to and function of the eyes.

Blue-green eye

It seems the whole story started with a grain of truth found in the carrot. And then took on a life of its own. But carrots are not just specifically good for eyes. Anti-oxidants in carrots aid in the protection against cardiovascular disease, cancer and vision; specifically night vision. But it does not so much enhance the function of the eye; it supplies a compound – rhodopsin – essential for night vision.

A Tomato has four chambers and is red. The heart is red and has four chambers. All of the research show tomatoes are indeed pure heart and blood food.

Tomato: Sliced horisontally (By FoeNyx; CCASA 1.0)

Not all tomatoes has four chambers and they come in a variety of colours (red, yellow, orange, pink, black, brown, ivory, white, and purple) and shapes (kidney, globe, plum, strawberry, round).

Grapes hang in a cluster that has the shape of the heart. Each grape looks like a blood cell and all of the research today shows that grapes are also profound heart and blood vitalizing food.

Red blood cell of a frog

A red blood cell is normally described as being being a biconcave disk (almost like a doughnut with the hole filled in). I would not advocate doughnuts as part of a healthy diet. The other five cells are round; vary greatly in size ; they just travel in the blood; and for the most part perform their function elsewhere. None of the blood cells are formed in the blood but in places like the bone marrow. Once formed, they can not be vitalized. They perform their function, and get recycled.

A Walnut looks like a little brain, a left and right hemisphere, upper cerebrums and lower cerebellums. Even the wrinkles or folds are on the nut just like the neo-cortex. We now know that walnuts help develop over 3 dozen neuron-transmitters for brain function.

Prosopium cylindraceum

The health benefits of walnuts are related to their high content of omega-3 fatty acids. These are also found in salmon and flax seeds. No brain message in salmon and flax seed. Walnuts also help protect the cardiovascular system.

Illustration of flax

Kidney Beans actually heal and help maintain kidney function and yes, they look exactly like the human kidneys.

Yes, kidney beans do have health benefits. I could not find any health benefits related to kidneys derived from kidney beans. In fact, raw kidney beans can contain excessively high amounts of a potentially toxic substance called phytohemagglutinin and contain high levels of purines. Gout and kidney stones are related to the excessive intake of purine-containing foods.

Celery, Bok Choy, Rhubarb and more look just like bones. These foods specifically target bone strength.. Bones are 23% sodium and these foods are 23% sodium. If you don’t have enough sodium in your diet the body pulls it from the bones, making them weak.. These foods replenish the skeletal needs of the body.

Sodium in celery: 80 mg per 100 g serving (0.08%)

Sodium in rhubarb: 4 mg per 100 g serving (0.004%)

Too much sodium is, in fact, not at all good for you. It causes high blood pressure and is related to heart attacks. It is recommended that an adult consume less than 2400 mg of salt per day. Bone does consist of about 15% calcium by dry weight, not sodium.

So what is the amount of calcium in these foods:

Calcium in celery: 40 mg per 100 g serving (0.04%)

Calcium in rhubarb: 86 mg per 100 g serving (0.086%)

(Unfortunately I don’t have the nutritional data of bok choy in my database).

Rhubarb is a good source of calcium, but a much better source of calcium is milk, cheese and yoghurt. And it would require some pretty nimble mental arithmetic to get to 15% on any of these.

Milk: 123 mg per 100 g serving

Low fat swiss: 961 mg per 100 g serving

Yoghurt: 199 mg per 100 g serving

Raw Sesame: 420 mg per 100 g serving

It would be a far stretch of the imagination to get from the structure of bone to a sesame seed.

Eggplant, Avocados and Pears target the health and function of the womb and cervix of the female – they look just like these organs. Today’s research shows that when a woman eats 1 avocado a week, it balances hormones, sheds unwanted birth weight and prevents cervical cancers. And how profound is this? …. It takes exactly 9 months to grow an avocado from blossom to ripened fruit. There are over 14,000 photolytic chemical constituents of nutrition in each one of these foods (modern science has only studied and named about 141 of them).

Photolytic means the chemical decomposition induced by light or other radiant energy. How this relates to nutrition is unknown. What is more likely meant is phytonutrients. Of these slightly more than 141 has been named and studied. As for avocados, one of the problems in growing them is determining when to harvest the fruit. Mexican types ripen in 6 – 8 months from bloom while Guatemalan types usually take 12 – 18 months. The correct harvest time will determine the fruit quality. They do not ripen on the tree but immature fruits will not ripen properly and shrivel and dry up without ripening. Although avocado might help with cervical cancers, no direct reference to this is available. Avocados do provide significant protection against breast, prostate and oral cancer. In cases where it is advocated in the prevention of cancer of the cervix, this is mentioned in the same line as flax seeds, olives and fruits and vegetables.

Figs are full of seeds and hang in twos when they grow. Figs increase the motility of male sperm and increase the numbers of sperm as well to overcome male sterility.

Figs are helpful in blood pressure, losing weight, breast cancer, diabetes, maintaining bone density, has cardiovascular effects and protect against macular degeneration. No mention of the male reproductive system. Figs are just one of many foods supplying nutrients involved in healthy sperm.

Sweet Potatoes look like the pancreas and actually balance the glycemic index of diabetics.

I know what a pancreas look like, and it aint not a sweet potato! And I have seen and eaten many sweet potatoes, and they never reminded me of a pancreas.

Olives assist the health and function of the ovaries

And I have also seen olives and ovaries. An ovary does not have a hard centre nodule rich in oil. And olives is slightly poisonous if not chemically processed to get rid of the bad stuff. But I would not deny the health benefit of cooking with olive oil as opposed to sunflower oil.

Grapefruits, Oranges, and other Citrus fruits look just like the mammary glands of the female and actually assist the health of the breasts and the movement of lymph in and out of the breasts.

Ok… When discussing the mammary gland of the female in the context of fruit, melons do come to mind. And watermelons… But an orange? They do look like the secretory unit of the salivary glands. And lymph tend to move out of things, never really into. And out of almost everything in the body and back to the blood.

Onions look like body cells. Today’s research shows that onions help clear waste materials from all of the body cells They even produce tears which wash the epithelial layers of the eyes

Not mine they don’t, last time I checked my histology. The closest structure in the body that looks like an onion is the Pacinian corpuscle in palmar skin. Epithelium in the eyes is only a few layers thick. They protect a very sensitive inside. Tears are produced to wash away toxic substances that are IRRITATING the eye. In this case, the onion is releasing a gas that reacts with the water of the eye to form a mild solution of sulfuric acid. I have seen what sulphuric acid can do to floors, cloths and furniture. Not exactly something I want in my eyes. It is listed as a hazardous substance with a pH of below 1 as opposed to the pH of 7.4 of tears.

What does this all come down to: Very simple. Eat plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables and unprocessed food; preferably grown by yourself or bought directly from a farmer and not a large multi-national conglomerate; and prepared slowly with care and attention. In our attempts to find a quick fix to every problem in our lifes, we grab these little truths blended with a large portion of untruths, spread it as gospel and end up even further behind in the big rat race of life.

Relax, the rats have won.

1. The World’s Healthiest Foods
2. God’s Pharmacy – A Lesson In Simple-Minded Bullshit Thinking
3. Eat for a killer immunity

And to read:

I recently received the following via email. Except for outlay, nothing has been edited. Also see my response in a follow up post.

God puts a sign in the food we eat!

A sliced Carrot looks like the human eye. The pupil, iris and radiating lines look just like the human eye…and YES science now shows that carrots greatly enhance blood flow to and function of the eyes.

A Tomato has four chambers and is red. The heart is red and has four chambers. All of the research show tomatoes are indeed pure heart and blood food.

Grapes hang in a cluster that has the shape of the heart. Each grape looks like a blood cell and all of the research today shows that grapes are also profound heart and blood vitalizing food.

A Walnut looks like a little brain, a left and right hemisphere, upper cerebrums and lower cerebellums. Even the wrinkles or folds are on the nut just like the neo-cortex. We now know that walnuts help develop over 3 dozen neuron-transmitters for brain function.

Kidney Beans actually heal and help maintain kidney function and yes, they look exactly like the human kidneys.

Celery, Bok Choy, Rhubarb and more look just like bones. These foods specifically target bone strength.. Bones are 23% sodium and these foods are 23% sodium. If you don’t have enough sodium in your diet the body pulls it from the bones, making them weak.. These foods replenish the skeletal needs of the body.

Eggplant, Avocados and Pears target the health and function of the womb and cervix of the female – they look just like these organs. Today’s research shows that when a woman eats 1 avocado a week, it balances hormones, sheds unwanted birth weight and prevents cervical cancers. And how profound is this? …. It takes exactly 9 months to grow an avocado from blossom to ripened fruit. There are over 14,000 photolytic chemical constituents of nutrition in each one of these foods (modern science has only studied and named about 141 of them).

Figs are full of seeds and hang in twos when they grow. Figs increase the motility of male sperm and increase the numbers of sperm as well to overcome male sterility.

Sweet Potatoes look like the pancreas and actually balance the glycemic index of diabetics.

Olives assist the health and function of the ovaries

Grapefruits, Oranges, and other Citrus fruits look just like the mammary glands of the female and actually assist the health of the breasts and the movement of lymph in and out of the breasts.

Onions look like body cells. Today’s research shows that onions help clear waste materials from all of the body cells They even produce tears which wash the epithelial layers of the eyes

food, myths, carrot, tomato, grape, wallnut, beans, celery, avocado, fig, sweet potato, olive, orange, onion, health

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A mirror of HistoWeb is available at Mapungubwe.co.za.

Important:

1. It might not always reflect the exact content as on the main site. I will update as often as possible, but time and bandwidth constraints will limit this.
2. Some links can be broken. HistoWeb is currently (July 2008) undergoing extensive development and changing on a daily basis. Errors do occur and will be fixed immediately for the main site. As mentioned in (1) above, this will take slightly longer here.

It contains a complete overview of the histology syllabus at Pretoria. Please leave feedback if you find it useful or any errors.

Anatomy keep heads together.

Waaraan is die geel tou gebind?

Anatomy gets under your skin.

Anatomy will steal your heart.

Anatomy needs you!

Anatomy needs your brain.

Anatomy preserve for the future.

Anatomy shows what’s inside.

Anatomy won’t cost you an arm and a leg.

Anatomy do it with embalming fluid.

Anatomy do it the GROSS way.

Anatomy never has a shortage of hands.

Anatomy can give a hand.

Elke dag is loslitdag by Anatomie.

Anatomy has skeletons in the closet.